(Nolhac 1901; Thompson 2006). The waters of the plateau between Versailles and Rambouillet were eventually collected and carried by channels to the gardens, the soil of which covers innumerable pipes, vaults, and aqueducts. ", This page was last edited on 3 March 2021, at 17:05. Doch dieses Schloss ist zudem Schatzplatz für die Unterzeichnung des Vertrags von Versailles, der dem Ersten Weltkrieg ein Ende setzte. The fountains survived the modifications that Louis XIV ordered for other fountains in the gardens in the early 18th century and were subsequently spared during the 1774–1775 replantation of the gardens. "Un grand pavillon d'Apollon pour Versailles: les origines du projet de Nicodème Tessin le jeun. (Thompson 2006), Parterre d'Eau While this system solved some of the water supply problems, there was never enough water to keep all of the fountains running in the garden in full-play all of the time (Thompson, 2006). Galerie d'Eau - Galerie des Antiques - Salle des Marronniers 1693, "Bassin de Neptune" by Jean Cotelle, ca. (Marie, 1984; Thompson, 2006). "Commentaires anglais du XVIIe siècle sur le parc de Versailles. Der nahezu ganz aus britischer Hand stammende Film ist eher eine Enttäuschung, ausgenommen die beiden Hauptdarsteller, Kate Winslet und Matthias Schoenaerts. The Île du Roi was separated from the Miroir d'Eau by a causeway that featured twenty-four water jets. Between 1686 and 1687, the Bassin de Latone, under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart, was rebuilt. [12] Designed by André Le Nôtre, sculpted by Gaspard and Balthazar Marsy, and constructed between 1668 and 1670, the fountain depicted an episode from Ovid's Metamorphoses. Expanding the layout established during the first building campaign, Le Nôtre added or expanded on no fewer that ten bosquets: The Bosquet du Marais in 1670;[18] the Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau,[19] Île du Roi and Miroir d'Eau,[20] the Salle des Festins (Salle du Conseil),[21] the Bosquet des Trois Fontaines in 1671;[22] the Labyrinthe[23] and the Bosquet de l'Arc de Triomphe[24] in 1672; the Bosquet de la Renommée (Bosquet des Dômes)[25] and the Bosquet de l'Encélade[26] in 1675; and the Bosquet des Sources[27] in 1678 (Marie 1972, 1976; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985).[28]. Foto über Ballsaal in Versailles-Palast nahe Paris, Frankreich. The interior, which was decorated with shell-work to represent a sea cave, contained the statue group by the Marsy brothers depicting the sun god attended by nereids (central grouping) and his horses being groomed by attendants of Thetis (the two accompanying statue groups). Sensing the potential threat to Versailles, Louis Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821) – director of the jardins botaniques and grandson of Claude Richard – lobbied the government to save Versailles. 1693, "Bassin du Dragon" by Jean Cotelle, ca. Administered by the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles, an autonomous public entity operating under the aegis of the French Ministry of Culture, the gardens are now one of the most visited public sites in France, receiving more than six million visitors a year. Seeming to heed his great-grandfather's admonition not to engage in costly building campaigns, Louis XV did not undertake the costly building campaigns at Versailles that Louis XIV had. Die Haine bilden einen natürlich geschlossenen Garten, fern von den Blicken anderer. As of 2008, this bosquet is in the process of being restored (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). 1693, "Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon" by Pierre-Denis Martin (Martin le Jeune), ca. While it was possible to keep the fountains in view from the château running, those concealed in the bosquets and in the farther reaches of the garden were run on an as-needed basis. He succeeded in preventing further dispersing of the Grand Parc and threats to destroy the Petit Parc were abolished by suggesting that the parterres could be used to plant vegetable gardens and that orchards could occupy the open areas of the garden. The crescent-shaped fountain is remarkable for its fine sculptures and the enormous volume of water projected by its 99 jets. The following are sources that have contributed to the above article. In 1684, Jules Hardouin-Mansart completely redesigned the bosquet by constructing a circular arched double peristyle. The link between Ovid's story and this episode from French history is emphasized by the reference to "mud slinging" in a political context. Bosquet des Sources - La Colonnade It is this final version of the fountain that one sees today at Versailles. Allerdings für den Teil der Versailler Gartenanlagen, mit dem sie am wenigsten gerechnet hat: für das Ballsaal-Boskett (Salle de Bal). However, owing to leakage in the conduits and breakdowns of the mechanism, the machine was only able to deliver 3,200 m3 of water per day – approximately one-half the expected output. "Archétype et symbole dans le style Louis XIV versaillais: réflexions sur, Loach, J. Der Eintrittspreis für Versailles hängt nämlich von eurem Alter und dem Tag eures Besuchs ab. Rechristened Bosquet de la Reine, it would be in this part of the garden that an episode of the Affair of the Diamond Necklace, which compromised Marie-Antoinette, transpired in 1785 (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Perrault 1669; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). im Schloss von Versailles ausgiebig gewürdigt - chronologisch und thematisch. The statues were installed on marble plinths from which water issued; and each statue grouping was protected by an intricately carved and gilded baldachin. This episode from mythology has been seen by historians in reference as an allegory to the revolts of the Fronde, which occurred during the minority of Louis XIV. Between 1686 and 1689, when the Nine Years' War began, one-tenth of France's military was at work on the Canal de l'Eure project. The central fountain contained 230 jets that, when in play, formed an obelisk – hence the new name Bosquet de l'Obélisque (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). Das morastige Sumpfland war höchst ungeeignet für ein so ambitioniertes Bauvorhaben wie das Schloss Versailles. Monate später war das Meisterwerk fertig. Started in 1664 and finished in 1670 with the installation of the statuary by the Gilles Guérin, François Girardon, Thomas Regnaudin, Gaspard Marsy, and Balthazar Marsy, the grotto[11] formed an important symbolic and technical component to the gardens. Boskett (Neutrum das Boskett, Plural auch die Bosketten/die Boskette, von französisch le bosquet „Wäldchen“, „Gehölz“ oder „Dickicht“, auch „Korb“ von engl. "Le clef des allégories peintes et sculptées de Versailles. ", Hoog, Simone. Palm, pomegranate, lemon, and orange are among the varieties represented, with tropical and subtropical species being moved indoors during winter months. This water feature, with a surface area of more than 15 hectares, is the second largest – after the Grand Canal – at Versailles. Among the chief attractions of Versailles are the fountains and waterworks commissioned by Louis XIV in imitation of those at Nicolas Fouquet’s château of Vaux-le-Vicomte. During the reign of Louis XV, the only significant addition to the gardens was the completion of the Bassin de Neptune (1738–1741). The path concludes at the Dragon Fountain, which features a spray of water that rises nearly 90 feet (27 metres) into the air. ", Börtz-Laine, Agenta. The Latona Fountain, designed by André Le Nôtre and sculpted by Gaspard and Balthazard Marsy, inspired by Ovid's. (Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985), Owing to the many modifications made to the gardens between the 17th and the 19th centuries, many of the bosquets have undergone multiple modifications, which were often accompanied by name changes. In their history, the gardens of Versailles have undergone no less than five major replantations, which have been executed for practical and aesthetic reasons. Originally, this bosquet was planned in 1672 as a simple pavillon d'eau – a round open expanse with a square fountain in the center. Despite the fact that the gardens consumed more water per day than the entire city of Paris, the Machine de Marly remained in operation until 1817 (Thompson, 2006). These improvements increased the water capacity to nearly 3,000 m3 of water per day; however, the increased capacity of the Grande Pompe often left the Clagny pond dry (Thompson, 2006). The statue that currently occupies the center of the Colonnade – the Abduction of Persephone – (from the Grande Commande of 1664) was set in place in 1696 (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). It is not an exhaustive list, yet it represents the most readily available imprints: Aerial view of the gardens from above the palace. Salle des Festins - Salle du Conseil - Bosquet de l'Obélisque This, however, was not achieved as the topology of the gardens favored the jardin à la française over an English-style garden. (Thompson, 2006), Catherine Pégard, the head of the public establishment which administers Versailles, has stated that the intention is to return the gardens to their appearance under Louis XIV, specifically as he described them in his 1704 description, Manière de Montrer les Jardins de Versailles. This is evidenced in the clear definition of the main east–west and north–south axis that anchors the gardens' layout. During the Grandes Eaux, water is circulated by means of modern pumps from the Grand Canal to the reservoirs. 1693, "Bassin de l'Encélade" Jean Cotelle, ca. The increasing demand for water and the stress placed on existing systems of water supply necessitated newer measures to increase the water supplied to Versailles. In the Gardens too, the Grand Trianon was built to provide Sun King with the retreat he wanted. Île du Roi - Miroir d'Eau - Jardin du Roi Located at the junction of the Grand Canal and the junction of the northern transversal branch, Little Venice housed the caravels and yachts that were received from The Netherlands and the gondolas and gondoliers received as gifts from the Doge of Venice, hence the name. Interspersed with gilt lead torchères, which supported candelabra for illumination, the Salle de Bal was inaugurated in 1683 by Louis XIV's son, the Grand Dauphin, with a dance party. "L'orangerie de Mansart à Versailles. (Thompson 2006), The Napoleonic era largely ignored Versailles. With the arrival of Pierre de Nolhac as director of the museum in 1892, a new era of historical research began at Versailles. Bosquet of the Salle de Bal, contemporary view. Der Kunsthistoriker Michael Brix widmete dem genialen Gestalter des Barock eine detaillierte Untersuchung. It was at the Petit Trianon that Louis XV fell fatally ill with smallpox; on 10 May 1774, the king died at Versailles. Dangeau, Philippe de Courcillon, marquis de. Ballsaal / Muschelboskett 4: Bosquet de la Girandole Girandole-Boskett 5: Jardin du Roi & Bassin du Miroir Garten des Königs & Spiegelbassin 6: Colonnade Kolonnade 7: Salle des Marronniers Kastanienallee Nördlich der Ost-West-Achse befinden sich die folgenden sehenswerten Nord-Boskette: 1: Bassins de Flore & de Cérès As part of the replantation of the gardens ordered by Louis XVI during the winter of 1774–1775, the Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau was destroyed and replaced with the unadorned Bosquet du Rond-Vert (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). Even with the additional output from the Machine de Marly, fountains in the garden could only be run à l'ordinaire – which is to say at half-pressure. 1670, Apollo attended by nymphsby François Girardon and Thomas Regnaudin, ca. In 1678, an octagonal ring of turf and eight rocaille fountains surrounding the central fountain were added. The leading real estate marketplace. 1693, "Bosquet des trois fontaines-vue du côté" by Jean Cotelle, ca. Surrounding a central area paved with colored stone, a channel was decorated with twenty statues on plinths each separated by three jets of water. (Nolhac 1899, 1902), The "Grotte de Thétys", which was located to the north of the château, formed part of the iconography of the château and of the gardens that aligned Louis XIV with solar imagery. At this time, the bosquet was rechristened Jardin du Roi (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). This early layout, which has survived in the so-called Du Bus plan of c.1662, shows an established topography along which lines of the gardens evolved. The Trianons were ransacked during the Revolution, and most of the original furniture was lost. Grotte de Thétys This was achieved in the Parterre de Latone in 2013, when the 19th century lawns and flower beds were torn up and replaced with boxwood-enclosed turf and gravel paths to create a formal arabesque design. [6], From this point forward, the expansion of the gardens of Versailles followed the expansions of the château. Bosquet de l'Arc de Triomphe The Grande Commande, as the commission is known, comprised twenty-four statues of the classic quaternities and four additional statues depicting abductions from the classic past. Originally designed in 1671 as two separate water features, the larger – Île du Roi – contained an island that formed the focal point of a system of elaborate fountains. One final attempt to solve water shortage problems was undertaken in 1685. During Louis XIV’s tenure at Versailles, Venetian gondolas traversed the Grand Canal, and modern visitors to the palace can ply the same waters in small rowboats. The campaign dates are as follows: First building campaign, 1661–1666; Second building campaign, 1670–1678; Third building campaign, 1680–1687; Fourth building campaign, 1704–1715. When in play, this fountain has the tallest jet of all the fountains in the gardens of Versailles – 25 metres (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). In 1870, a violent storm struck the area damaging and uprooting scores of trees, which necessitated a massive replantation program. Pruning is also done to keep trees at between 17 and 23 metres (56 to 75 feet), so as not to spoil the carefully calibrated perspectives of the gardens.[45]. Situated to the west of the Allée des Marmousets and replacing the short-lived Berceau d'Eau (a long and narrow bosquet created in 1671 that featured a water bower made by numerous jets of water), the enlarged bosquet was transformed by Le Nôtre in 1677 into a series of three linked rooms. "La clôture du grand parc de Versailles. However, with an eye on economy, Louis XVI ordered the palissades – the labour-intensive clipped hedging that formed walls in the bosquets – to be replaced with rows of lime trees or chestnut trees. Further along the east–west axis is the Bassin d'Apollon – the Apollo Fountain. Als der König einen Blick auf den weitläufigen Garten des Finanzministers Nicolas Vicomte warf, den Le Nôtre angelegt hatte, war klar, was zu tun war… Den Minister ließ Ludwig XIV. In 1674, the Pompe was enlarged – hence referred to as the Grande Pompe. Napoleon restored the châteaux and used them for official business and as a resort for his second wife, Marie-Louise. As part of the reorganization of the garden that was ordered by Louis XIV in the early part of the 18th century, the Apollo grouping was moved once again to the site of the Bosquet du Marais – located near the Latona Fountain – which was destroyed and was replaced by the new Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon. [38] Between 1672 and 1677, Le Nôtre redesigned the Labyrinthe to feature thirty-nine fountains that depicted stories from Aesop's Fables. Das barocke Schloss Versailles befindet sich in einem Vorort der französischen Hauptstadt Paris und gilt als einer der schönsten europäischen Paläste, dessen Schlossgarten ebenfalls eine besondere Augenweide ist. Kelly ist der achte Besitzer des «Zuckerpalasts», wie Houmas House hier genannt wird. "The evolution of the Parterre d'eau. [37]. The central island was replaced by a large basin raised on five steps, which was surrounded by a canal. "Charles Le Brun as Landscape Architect: His Designs for the First Parterre d'eau at Versailles. The old Bosquet des Bains d'Apollon was renamed Bosquet des Dômes due to two domed pavilions built in the bosquet (Marie 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). 1713, "Bosquet de l'Île Royale et le Bassin du Miroir" by Étienne Allegrain, ca. Additionally, to accommodate the anticipated construction of the Aile des Nobles – the north wing of the château – the Grotte de Thétys was demolished. While much of the chateau's interior was irreparably altered to accommodate the Museum of the History of France dedicated to "all the glories of France" (inaugurated by Louis-Philippe on 10 June 1837), the gardens, by contrast, remained untouched. Die königliche Oper von Versailles: das Haupttheater des Palastes. Existing bosquets and parterres were expanded and new ones created. For your choice, we offer many different floor plans of 1 & 2 bedroom apartments, with one or two baths, some with lofts. (Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985), With the restoration of the Bourbons in 1814, the gardens of Versailles witnessed the first modifications since the Revolution. Bosquet des Trois Fontaines (Berceau d'Eau) (Marie 1968; Nolhac 1901, 1925; Thompson 2006; Verlet 1985). 1693, "Bosquet des trois fontaines-vue de face" by Jean Cotelle, ca. Bosquet de la Montagne d'Eau - Bosquet de l'Étoile Created in 1670, this bosquet originally contained a central rectangular pool surrounded by a turf border.